1.
The
Definition of Strategy
a.
Strategy
is a high level plan to achieve one or more goals under
conditions of uncertainty. In the sense of the "art of the general",
which included several subsets of skills including "tactics",
siegecraft, logistics etc., the term came into use in the 6th century C.E. in
East Roman terminology, and was translated into Western vernacular languages
only in the 18th century. From then until the 20th century, the word
"strategy" came to denote "a comprehensive way to try to pursue
political ends, including the threat or actual use of force, in a dialectic of
wills" in a military conflict, in which both adversaries interact.
Source
: Freedman, Lawrence (2013). Strategy. Oxford
University Press.
b.
Strategy According to Henry Mintzberg
Henry Mintzberg, in his 1994 book, The Rise and Fall of Strategic
Planning, points out that people use "strategy" in several
different ways, the most common being these four:
1. Strategy is a plan, a
"how," a means of getting from here to there.
2. Strategy is a pattern in actions
over time; for example, a company that regularly markets very expensive
products is using a "high end" strategy.
3. Strategy is position; that is, it
reflects decisions to offer particular products or services in particular
markets.
4. Strategy is perspective, that is,
vision and direction.
Source : The Rise and Fall of Strategic
Planning (1994). Henry Mintzberg. Basic Books.
2.
Kinds of Strategy
1)
Lecturing
Lecturing
is a well-established “traditional” way of teaching. There are some good educational reasons for
delivering a lecture.
a.
Coverage – Using lectures to be sure that all main ideas relating to
a course or topic are presented to the students.
b.
Understanding – Using lectures to be sure that things students may have
trouble with are all explained or clarified.
c.
Motivation – Using lectures to try to enthuse students and encourage
them to pursue the subject areas for its own interest and value to the students.
2)
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a structured process
that should take place without evaluation of the ideas generated during the
process. It can be very effective means
of helping students channel their ideas and /or get the ideas flowing. Brainstorming sessions and activities have
the potential to last a majority of the class session. It is wise before conducting a brainstorming
session to decide how much time you as a teacher can afford to allot towards
this activity.
There are several different
brainstorming techniques.
1. Discussion – Vary discussion formats to keep
things interesting.
2. Drawing – Brainstorming without words.
3. Free write and share – “Think out loud” on paper.
4. K-W-L – What do we know, what do we want
to know, and what have we learned.
5. Think-Pair-Share – Team up and learn from each
other.
3)
Cooperative
Learning
Cooperative learning models the
attitudes and interactions that are important in society. By working with others, students can see
different points of view and solutions to a problem. According to recent research, students learn
more effectively when they work cooperatively than when they work individually
or competitively. Students are more positive about school, subject areas, and
teachers when they work in cooperative groups. Students are more positive about
one another, regardless of ability, ethnic background, or handicap, when they
work cooperatively.
Another benefit of cooperative
learning is improved self-confidence for many students. Because the teammates
become responsible for one another's learning and have a vested interest in one
another's success, all the students tend to be more successful. Success builds
self-confidence. By working together, students find out that each has something
important to contribute to the group's work, and, as they find out that their
ideas can be useful to others, students become more self-confident.
3.
The definition of Picture Series
Picture series are some pictures representing continuous
events of a story with important information. Picture series
is a technique with the use of a form of entertainment that enact a story by
images giving the illusion of continuous movement. Series is a group of related
things or events.
4.
The definition of Story Script
Story script is a style of
writing with cursive characters to illustrate or describe the story. A distinctive writing
system, based
on defined elements or symbols generally known
as a "script" Script (Unicode), collections of letters and other
written signs used
to represent textual information in writing systems,
each assigned to a Unicode number. Script
typeface, having characteristics
of handwriting
5.
Procedure of Writing Story Script
from Picture Series
·
Give
the appropriate title
·
Sort
pictures logically
·
Make
a sentence that tell the pictures
·
Arrange
the sentences properly, so that it becomes a story
·
Use the correct grammatical
